The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This piece contains details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach young people in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more comfortable others will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the horns and continue bearing this flag and continue supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022